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Test the series for convergence or divergence.$ \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} (-1)^n \frac {\sqrt{n}}{2n + 3} $
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Calculus 2 / BC
Chapter 11
Infinite Sequences and Series
Section 5
Alternating Series
Sequences
Series
Missouri State University
University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
University of Nottingham
Lectures
01:59
In mathematics, a series is, informally speaking, the sum of the terms of an infinite sequence. The sum of a finite sequence of real numbers is called a finite series. The sum of an infinite sequence of real numbers may or may not have a well-defined sum, and may or may not be equal to the limit of the sequence, if it exists. The study of the sums of infinite sequences is a major area in mathematics known as analysis.
02:28
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the sequence. Formally, a sequence can be defined as a function whose domain is either the set of the natural numbers (for infinite sequences) or the set of the first "n" natural numbers (for a finite sequence). A sequence can be thought of as a list of elements with a particular order. Sequences are useful in a number of mathematical disciplines for studying functions, spaces, and other mathematical structures using the convergence properties of sequences. In particular, sequences are the basis for series, which are important in differential equations and analysis. Sequences are also of interest in their own right and can be studied as patterns or puzzles, such as in the study of prime numbers.
02:19
Test the series for conver…
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let's test this series for convergence or divergence. Now the first thing I notice is that this series is alternating. That's because due to this negative one to the Empower so this suggests that we try the alternating series test. Okay, so here we define BN to be squared of end over two n Plus three. This is positive because numerator and denominator are both positive. So that's the first condition that has to be checked. The second condition. We need the limit as n goes to infinity of bm to be zero and this problem that becomes end to the one half over two n plus three and this limit is zero. And if you can't see why, you can use low Patel's role here, mhm and then finally we have one more condition to check. We need that BN is decreasing. So when we add one to the end, it's not bigger than the previous value of being. So to check this, we could go ahead and actually plug in and plus one into our formula. But as mentioned in the text book, another way to show that bien is decreasing if we have f prime of X is negative. Where we define f of X to be X likes a squirt of X over two X plus three and then we can write. This is X to the one half over two X plus three. So now if we can show that this function f has negative derivative, that's equivalent to showing that this function is decreasing and that will complete the last condition here. And then finally, we would be able to say that the series converges by a S T alternating serious test. So let's go to the next page and show that F has negative derivative. So this is X to the one half two X plus three. So f prime of X is the quotient rule. So the denominator is positive because it's a square. So what we're really interested in here is the numerator. Yeah, so here we can go ahead and write this Mhm. Okay. All I did was just distribute this term out here inside the parentheses and then simplified. Now this is equal to three. Now, let me go ahead and combine these two so that will be minus X to the one half over the square and then get a common denominator, and we see that this will be negative, if so, three minus two x so that that previous term was negative. If this is less than zero, so three is less than two works. 3/2 is less than X. So this tells us that bien is decreasing when and is bigger than or equal to two. And that's what allows us to use the alternative series test. So all conditions okay for BN in the alternating series test. MM hold. Therefore, the series converges by the alternating series test, and that's our final answer.
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