The ability of an ion to bring about coagulation of a given...

The ability of an ion to bring about coagulation of a given colloid depends upon:
(a) its size
(b) the magnitude of its charge only
(c) the sign of its charge alone
(d) both magnitude and sign of its charge

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Key Concepts

Colloidal Stability and Electrical Double Layer

Colloidal particles in a suspension typically carry similar charges, which lead to mutual repulsion and thus stabilize the dispersed state. This phenomenon, known as the electrical double layer, is crucial because it is the layer of counter-ions surrounding each colloid that creates a field preventing the particles from coming together. Any factor that disrupts or partially neutralizes this double layer can lead to coagulation or flocculation of the colloidal particles.

Role of Ion Charge Magnitude and Sign

The coagulating ability of an ion is determined not only by how much charge it carries (its magnitude) but also by the nature of its charge (its sign). Ions with a higher charge magnitude are more effective in neutralizing the surface charge of colloidal particles, thereby reducing the electrical repulsion between them. Similarly, the sign of the ion's charge must be opposite to that of the colloid for effective neutralization, enabling the aggregation of particles. Together, these factors are essential in controlling and predicting the stability of colloidal systems.

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