The ability to remember where you were and what you were...

Key Concepts

False Memory Syndrome

False memory syndrome refers to the phenomenon where individuals recall events that never occurred or distort details of actual events. These altered or implanted memories can result from suggestive questioning, social influences, or internal cognitive errors, and they highlight the reconstructive nature of human memory.

Encoding Specificity Hypothesis

The encoding specificity hypothesis posits that memory retrieval is most effective when the cues present at the time of encoding are also available at the time of retrieval. This suggests that memories are encoded along with unique contextual information and that the match between encoding and retrieval conditions can enhance recall.

Eyewitness Testimony

Eyewitness testimony involves accounts given by individuals who have directly observed an event. It plays a crucial role in legal and criminal proceedings; however, research in cognitive psychology has shown that eyewitness memory can be unreliable and subject to distortion, influenced by factors like stress, bias, and subsequent information.

Flashbulb Memory

Flashbulb memory refers to the highly detailed and vivid memories of the moment and circumstances in which a person first learned about a surprising, emotionally arousing, or significant event. This type of memory is often long-lasting and is characterized by strong clarity and confidence regarding the context of the event, even though the accuracy of the memory details may be influenced by biases over time.

Transcript

0:00 All right.

00:01 So this question is asking the ability to remember where you were and what you were doing when the united states was attacked on september 11, 2001 is an example of a eyewitness testimony, b, encoding specificity hypothesis, c, false memory syndrome, or d, flash bold memory.

00:19 All right.

00:20 So this is just one of those things where you just kind of have to go down the list and sort of try to define each of the options and hopefully get to your best one.

00:29 Or hopefully choose the right one.

00:31 But lucky for you, i'm here to choose the right one or help you choose the right one.

00:35 So i'm going to start with a eyewitness testimony.

00:38 So eyewitness testimony is just one of those things where you don't really need to know a lot of psychology to know what it means.

00:43 You really just have to know what eyewitness and what testimony means.

00:47 And basically an eyewitness testimony is just being able to testify because you were a witness to the event.

00:53 So i don't think i need to write anything down to define this.

00:56 But when pertaining this back to the question, the question is really asking the ability to remember where you were and what you were doing on that specific date.

01:04 It's not really specifying whether you saw the event or not.

01:09 Had it specified that you saw the event and watched it happen, then yes, that would be an eyewitness testimony because you essentially witnessed what was happening.

01:18 But because of that, you're not able to give any sort of eyewitness testimony because you weren't really there.

01:23 Therefore, a, is not the correct answer.

01:26 Moving forward, we have the encoding specificity hypothesis.

01:31 And this is, again, a hypothesis, which is pretty generalized.

01:35 But what this basically suggests is this idea that when you're encoding information, which is basically when you're moving elements of memory into the long term, the tendency is that you'll be able to remember those sort of elements if your surroundings or your physiological state is the same as when it was when the memory was, or let me rephrase.

02:04 Think of it as like sort of state dependent learning in that encoding specificity applies, say if you're learning something sitting at your desk at home and that your element is entering into the long term in that sort of state.

02:20 So as to when you're retrieving that same information, you're also in that same situation.

02:29 You're sitting at your desk.

02:30 And the easier it is to retrieve that sort of element or what you're trying to remember if you're in the same state.

02:36 So that was a little confusing...

Please give Ace some feedback