The atomic number of sulfur is 16 . Sulfur combines with...

The atomic number of sulfur is $16 .$ Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound. a. $\mathrm{HS}$ b. $\mathrm{HS}_{2}$ c. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}$ d. $\mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{S}$

The atomic number of sulfur is $16 .$ Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.
a. $\mathrm{HS}$
b. $\mathrm{HS}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}$
d. $\mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{S}$

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Key Concepts

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and are crucial for determining how atoms interact and bond with one another. These electrons participate in chemical bonding by being shared or transferred, and their number helps predict the types of bonds an atom can form.

Octet Rule

The octet rule is a chemical principle stating that atoms tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by eight electrons in their valence shell. This rule helps predict the bonding behavior of atoms, as they typically gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of valence electrons between atoms to achieve a full octet, thereby creating a stable molecule. This type of bonding is common among nonmetal atoms and is the basis for forming many molecular compounds.

Molecular Formula Determination

Molecular formula determination involves using the number of valence electrons and bonding patterns of the constituent atoms to predict the stoichiometry of a compound. By understanding how atoms bond to satisfy the octet rule, one can deduce the number of each type of atom present in a molecule.

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