The AT&T 5ESS has 100,000-line capacity. How does it accomplish this capacity with only a TST ar

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The AT&T 5ESS has 100,000-line capacity. How does it...

Key Concepts

Time-Space-Time (TST) Switching Architecture

The TST architecture is a digital switching design that sandwiches a space-division switching stage between two time-division multiplexing stages. In this design, the first time stage digitizes and multiplexes the incoming signals into time slots, which are then routed through a central space switch, and finally demultiplexed in the second time stage. This configuration facilitates efficient switching by allowing dynamic time-slot interchange, thereby maximizing the number of channels that can be switched even with a single space stage.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

TDM is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by assigning each signal a distinct time slot. In the context of switching systems like the TST architecture, TDM plays a critical role in first aggregating multiple digital voice channels into a higher-rate stream and then separating them at the output. This technique is essential for increasing the overall capacity of the switching system without requiring additional space stages.

Concentration and Time Slot Interchange Techniques

Concentration techniques involve gathering numerous lower-capacity channels into a single, high-capacity stream and efficiently rearranging their time slots. Time slot interchange within a TST architecture allows the system to dynamically reassign time slots to different channels as needed, effectively making optimal use of the available switching fabric. This process is crucial for achieving high capacity, as it enables the single physical space stage to support a large number of subscriber lines by interleaving multiple channels.

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