The changes in electron affinity as one goes down a group in...

Key Concepts

Atomic Size and Shielding Effect

As one moves down a group in the periodic table, the atomic size increases and there is a greater shielding effect due to additional inner electron shells. This weakening of the effective nuclear charge on the outer electrons results in a more considerable drop in ionization energy compared to electron affinity, where the added electron still experiences some pull from the nucleus despite the increased distance and electron repulsion.

Electron Affinity

Electron affinity refers to the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom. It is influenced by the effective nuclear charge and the distance at which the incoming electron is added, factors that change gradually with increasing atomic size and inter-electron repulsion. This gradual change explains why the variations in electron affinity down a group are less dramatic than the changes in ionization energy.

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom. This property is heavily affected by atomic size and the shielding of nuclear charge: as you move down a group, the increased atomic radius and additional electron shells significantly lower the energy needed to remove an electron, leading to more pronounced trends compared to electron affinity.

Transcript

00:01 I'm from 38 trump.

00:02 Seven.

00:02 The changes in electron if in me as one goes down the group in prayer table, we're not nearly as large as thieve variations in ionization.

00:10 And why is that? so let's are of ionization energy.

00:14 So as you go down, appear on a group in a pack table.

00:19 Were atomic radius is increase.

00:21 You're increasing shell after shell of ah, you're adding show after show of electrons to your adam.

00:27 So that's so each shell of electrons is is gonna be farther and farther away from your nucleus nucleus.

00:37 And to remember one of the reasons that you're electrons are bound.

00:41 Your adam is the electrostatic interactions between your electron, your negatively charged electrons.

00:47 You're positively charged nucleus.

00:49 So as you're moving so as your band's electrons getting further and further away, then it's a electrostatic interaction and, well, deep will decrease.

00:58 And that means that and that us.

01:03 And that makes it.

01:04 And if your electricity contractions decreasing, it's easier to pluck off those electrons.

01:08 So your organization energy's going todo doing to decrease as well.

01:13 Sorry your organization of jubal decreases well, it's just easier to take the electrons off electron affinity.

01:19 When you go down a group, you're your effective nuclear charge is approximately.

01:28 I'm saying approximate passionately.

01:31 They're very some very variation, but approximately the same same.

01:37 So when you're as so, you'll notice that electron affinity increases.

01:43 Uh, when you go as when you increase, it increases as you go across the road...

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