The chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3 F, has Pvap=100.0 mm Hg at -23^∘

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The chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant trichlorofluoromethane,...

The chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant trichlorofluoromethane, $\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{F},$ has $P_{\mathrm{vap}}=100.0 \mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ at $-23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $\Delta H_{\mathrm{vap}}=$ 24.77 $\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .$ (a) What is the normal boiling point of trichlorofluoromethane in $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? (b) What is $\Delta S_{\text { vap }}$ for trichlorofluoromethane?

The chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant trichlorofluoromethane, $\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{F},$ has $P_{\mathrm{vap}}=100.0 \mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ at $-23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $\Delta H_{\mathrm{vap}}=$ 24.77 $\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .$
(a) What is the normal boiling point of trichlorofluoromethane in $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?
(b) What is $\Delta S_{\text { vap }}$ for trichlorofluoromethane?

Key Concepts

Enthalpy of Vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert one mole of a liquid into vapor at constant pressure. This thermodynamic quantity reflects the strength of intermolecular forces in the liquid; higher values indicate stronger attractions that require more energy to overcome during the phase transition from liquid to gas.

Entropy of Vaporization

Entropy of vaporization represents the change in entropy when a substance undergoes a phase change from liquid to vapor. It quantifies the increase in disorder or randomness associated with vaporization. This concept is directly related to the energy distribution between phases and is calculable from the enthalpy of vaporization divided by the temperature at which the phase change occurs.

Normal Boiling Point

The normal boiling point is defined as the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals the standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm). At this temperature, the liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium, and the substance can transition between phases without external pressure change. It is a crucial concept in thermodynamics and phase transitions, providing a benchmark for comparing the volatility of substances.

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is a fundamental relation in thermodynamics that describes how the vapor pressure of a substance changes with temperature. It relates the changes in vapor pressure to the enthalpy of vaporization and temperature, and it is often used to estimate the boiling point of a substance or to calculate its enthalpy of vaporization from vapor pressure data.

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