The closed tank of Fig. P .2 .34 is filled with water and is 5 ft Iong. The pressure gage on the

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The closed tank of Fig. P .2 .34 is filled with water and is...

The closed tank of Fig. $P .2 .34$ is filled with water and is $5 \mathrm{ft}$ Iong. The pressure gage on the tank reads 7 psi. Determine: (a) the height, $h,$ in the open water column, (b) the gage pressure acting on the bottom tank surface $A B,$ and (c) the absolute pressure of the air in the top of the tank if the local atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia.

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Key Concepts

Hydrostatic Pressure

This concept describes how pressure in a fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. The relationship is commonly expressed as p = ?gh, where p is the pressure, ? is the fluid density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and h is the depth or height of the fluid column. Understanding this concept is essential for relating a measured pressure to an equivalent height of a fluid column.

Gauge Pressure vs Absolute Pressure

Gauge pressure is the pressure measured relative to the local atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum. In many practical applications, instruments provide gauge readings, which then must be adjusted by adding or subtracting the atmospheric pressure to determine the true, absolute pressure in the system.

Pressure Distribution on Surfaces in Fluids

In a fluid at rest, the pressure acts uniformly in all directions and increases linearly with depth. This concept is important when analyzing how pressure is exerted on the surfaces of containers or structures, ensuring that the correct pressure values (local and by depth) are accounted for when assessing forces on specific areas, such as the bottom of a tank.

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