The correct order of decreasing acidity of the acids given...

The correct order of decreasing acidity of the acids given below is 1. $\mathrm{Cl}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$ 2. $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$ 3. $\mathrm{Cl}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{COOH}$ 4. $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{CCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}$ (a) $1>3>2>4$ (b) $3>1>2>4$ (c) $3>4>1>2$ (d) $3>$ 1 $>4>2$

The correct order of decreasing acidity of the acids given below is
1. $\mathrm{Cl}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$
2. $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$
3. $\mathrm{Cl}_3 \mathrm{CCH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{COOH}$
4. $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{CCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}$
(a) $1>3>2>4$
(b) $3>1>2>4$
(c) $3>4>1>2$
(d) $3>$ 1 $>4>2$

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Key Concepts

Carboxylic Acid Acidity

Acidity in carboxylic acids depends on the stability of the conjugate base, which is influenced by the ability of the molecule to delocalize and stabilize the negative charge after deprotonation. Factors such as substituent effects and the presence of resonance contribute significantly to this stability, directly affecting acid strength.

Inductive Effect

The inductive effect is the transmission of electron density through sigma bonds due to differences in electronegativity among atoms. Electron-withdrawing groups enhance acidity by pulling electron density away from the acidic site, stabilizing the conjugate base, whereas electron-donating groups have the opposite effect.

Substituent Effects on Acidity

Substituent effects refer to how different groups attached to the molecular structure influence acidity by either donating or withdrawing electrons. The position and nature of these groups can either stabilize or destabilize the conjugate base, thereby increasing or decreasing the acid’s strength.

Resonance Stabilization

Resonance stabilization involves the delocalization of electrons within a molecule, allowing multiple contributing structures. In the context of acid strength, if the conjugate base can delocalize the negative charge through resonance, it becomes more stable, leading to an increase in acidity.

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