The correct order of increasing basic nature for the bases NH3, CH3 NH2, and (CH3)2 NH is [2003

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The correct order of increasing basic nature for the bases...

The correct order of increasing basic nature for the bases $\mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2$, and $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$ is [2003 (a) $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\mathrm{NH}_3<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$ (b) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}<\mathrm{NH}_3<\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2$ (c) $\mathrm{NH}_3<\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$ (d) $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}<\mathrm{NH}_3$

The correct order of increasing basic nature for the bases $\mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2$, and $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$ is
[2003
(a) $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\mathrm{NH}_3<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$
(b) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}<\mathrm{NH}_3<\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2$
(c) $\mathrm{NH}_3<\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$
(d) $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2<\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}<\mathrm{NH}_3$

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Key Concepts

Inductive Effect

The inductive effect is the transmission of electron density through sigma bonds due to the electronegativity of substituents. Alkyl groups, which are less electronegative than hydrogen, can donate electron density towards the nitrogen atom, thereby increasing the electron density on nitrogen and making it a stronger base.

Alkyl Substitution on Amines

Alkyl substitution on amines increases basicity because each alkyl group donates electron density to the nitrogen through the inductive effect. As the number of alkyl groups increases, so does the electron-donating effect, enhancing the availability of the nitrogen lone pair for protonation, which results in increased basicity.

Basicity

Basicity refers to the tendency of a molecule, such as an amine, to donate a pair of electrons to a proton. In amines, the lone pair on the nitrogen atom is responsible for this behavior. The availability and electron density of this lone pair determine the strength of the base.

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