It is calculated using the formula:
\[ r = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2(y_i - \bar{y})^2}} \]
where \(x_i\) and \(y_i\) are the individual sample points indexed with \(i\), \(\bar{x}\) and
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