00:01
So for this question we're given the sentence the cal ate the hay and then the question asks us to delete the letter c so if you were looking at this sentence you would probably recognize there's a typo but you'd still be able to figure out the words you say that the okay there's probably a typo there ate the hay but that's not how so, mrna and dna are encoded.
00:35
Remember, they're encoded in codons, which are groups of three nucleotides.
00:44
So they read three nucleotides at a time.
00:46
So they would read this as the, and then look for the next three letters, owa, and basically rearrange the letters like this so that they could read them three at a time.
01:04
And you'll notice that reading it like this, even though it's kind of a small typo, it's just missing a single letter c, it turns all of the remaining words downstream from the single deleted word into nonsense.
01:29
So this type of mutation is called a frame shift mutation because it pushes all of the codons, which in this case are words, downstream of it, out of frame...