The electron affinity of oxygen is -141 kJ / mol, corresponding to the reaction O(g)+e^--→O^-(g

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The electron affinity of oxygen is -141 kJ / mol,...

The electron affinity of oxygen is $-141 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$, corresponding to the reaction $$ \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-}-\rightarrow \mathrm{O}^{-}(g) $$ The lattice energy of $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)$ is $2238 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$. Use these data along with data in Appendix $C$ and Figure $7.12$ to calculate the "second electron affinity" of oxygen, corresponding to the reaction $$ \mathrm{O}^{-}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}^{2-}(g) $$

The electron affinity of oxygen is $-141 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$, corresponding to the reaction
$$
\mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-}-\rightarrow \mathrm{O}^{-}(g)
$$
The lattice energy of $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)$ is $2238 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$. Use these data along with data in Appendix $C$ and Figure $7.12$ to calculate the "second electron affinity" of oxygen, corresponding to the reaction
$$
\mathrm{O}^{-}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}^{2-}(g)
$$

Key Concepts

Born?Haber Cycle

The Born–Haber cycle is a thermochemical cycle that breaks down the formation of an ionic compound into a series of individual steps, such as sublimation, ionization, electron gain, and lattice formation. By considering all these steps, the cycle allows for the calculation of unknown energy changes, such as an electron affinity or lattice energy, based on other measurable thermodynamic quantities. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the energetics involved in the formation of ionic bonds.

Successive Electron Affinities

Successive electron affinities refer to the energy changes involved when adding more than one electron to an atom. The first electron affinity corresponds to the addition of an electron to a neutral atom, while the second (and subsequent) electron affinity accounts for the addition of an electron to an already negatively charged ion. The second electron affinity is usually endothermic due to increased electron-electron repulsion and is key to understanding the stability of multiply charged anions.

Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gas phase. This concept helps in understanding whether the process of electron addition is exothermic or endothermic. The magnitude and sign of the electron affinity indicate the tendency of an atom to gain an electron, which is crucial in predicting the stability of the resulting anion and its behavior in chemical reactions.

Lattice Energy

Lattice energy is the energy released when gaseous ions come together to form an ionic solid, or conversely, the energy required to break the solid into its constituent gaseous ions. It is a measure of the strength of the ionic bonds in the solid and plays a significant role in determining the stability and formation energetics of ionic compounds. The lattice energy depends on the charge of the ions and the distance between them.

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