The electronic configuration of the element with maximum...

The electronic configuration of the element with maximum electron affinity is: [P.E.T. (Kerala) 2008] $\begin{array}{lll}\text { (a) } 1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{3} & \square \text { (b) } 1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\end{array}$ (c) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5} \square$ (d) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3} \quad \square$ (e) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{1}$ $\square$ $F$

The electronic configuration of the element with maximum electron affinity is:
[P.E.T. (Kerala) 2008] $\begin{array}{lll}\text { (a) } 1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{3} & \square \text { (b) } 1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\end{array}$
(c) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5} \square$
(d) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3} \quad \square$
(e) $1 s^{2}, 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}, 3 s^{1}$
$\square$
$F$

Key Concepts

Halogens

Halogens are elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for having high electron affinities. They are one electron short of achieving a stable octet configuration, which makes them highly reactive as they readily gain an extra electron to achieve a full valence shell. This tendency is integral to understanding their chemical properties and reactivities.

Periodic Trends in Electron Affinity

Periodic trends in electron affinity highlight the changes in an element's ability to accept electrons across the periodic table. Generally, electron affinity increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge and decreases down a group due to greater electron-electron repulsion in larger atoms. This trend helps explain why elements in certain groups, particularly the halogens, exhibit high electron affinity.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons among the various atomic orbitals according to quantum mechanical principles. This concept is fundamental to understanding the structure of atoms and their chemical behavior, as it explains how electrons are arranged around the nucleus in a way that influences reactivity and other atomic properties.

Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gaseous state. It provides a measure of the tendency of an atom to accept an electron, with higher electron affinity indicating a greater tendency to gain electrons. This concept is crucial when comparing the reactivity of non-metals and understanding periodic trends.

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