The four most abundant elements by mass in the human body...

Name: Problem 156, Chapter 7: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2019-08-17T19:03:07-08:00
Duration: 2 min 6 s
Channel: James Irizarry
Description: The four most abundant elements by mass in the human body are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. These four elements make up about 96% of the human body. The next four most abundant elements are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium. Write the expected ground-state electron configurations for these eight most abundant elements in the human body.

The four most abundant elements by mass in the human body are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. These four elements make up about 96% of the human body. The next four most abundant elements are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium. Write the expected ground-state electron configurations for these eight most abundant elements in the human body.

Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s orbitals, describing how electrons are distributed in different energy levels and subshells. It is crucial for understanding an element's chemical behavior, bonding properties, and placement in the periodic table.

Ground-State Configuration

The ground-state configuration refers to the electron configuration of an atom when all electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels, following the rules and principles such as the Aufbau principle, ensuring that the atom is in its most stable, lowest-energy form.

Atomic Orbitals

Atomic orbitals are regions around a nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. They are characterized by quantum numbers and come in different shapes and sizes (s, p, d, f), which determine the spatial distribution of electrons and are fundamental to building electron configurations.

Aufbau Principle

The Aufbau principle dictates that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy, starting from the lowest energy level. This principle provides a guideline for constructing the ground-state electron configuration by sequentially adding electrons to the appropriate orbitals.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of all four quantum numbers. This principle is essential in electron configuration as it limits the number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital, ensuring a unique configuration for each electron.

Hund's Rule

Hund's rule explains how electrons are distributed among orbitals of equal energy (degenerate orbitals). It states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before pairing up, minimizing electron-electron repulsions and stabilizing the atom.

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