The gas stream from a sulfur burner consists of 15 mol-% SO2, 20 mol-% O2, and 65 mol-% N2.

step 1 In this question, what we want to do is find our different enthalpy changes. So we are going to

The gas stream from a sulfur burner consists of 15 mol-%...

The gas stream from a sulfur burner consists of $15 \mathrm{~mol}-\% \mathrm{SO}_2, 20 \mathrm{~mol}-\% \mathrm{O}_2$, and $65 \mathrm{~mol}-\% \mathrm{~N}_2$. The gas stream at atmospheric pressure and $673.15 \mathrm{~K}\left(400^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$ enters a catalytic converter where $86 \%$ of the $\mathrm{SO}_2$ is further oxidized to $\mathrm{SO}_3$. On the basis of $1 \mathrm{~mol}$ of gas entering, how much heat must be removed from the converter so that the product gases leave at $773.15 \mathrm{~K}\left(500^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$ ?

Key Concepts

Energy Balance in Chemical Processes

Energy balance in chemical processes combines the contributions of chemical reaction enthalpy and sensible heat to determine the net energy input or removal required. This principle is fundamental in reactor design and process optimization to ensure that operating conditions, such as exit temperatures, are maintained efficiently while managing the heat produced or consumed during reactions.

Reaction Stoichiometry

Reaction stoichiometry involves balancing chemical equations to determine the proportion in which reactants combine to form products. It provides the quantitative relationship between the moles of reactants consumed and products formed, which is essential for calculating the amounts of substances involved in a reaction and the corresponding energy changes.

Extent of Reaction

The extent of reaction quantifies the fraction or percentage of a reactant that has been converted into products. This concept is crucial for determining the actual yield of a reaction and for performing energy balances, as the degree of conversion directly impacts the total heat released or absorbed in the process.

Enthalpy of Reaction

The enthalpy of reaction is the heat change that occurs during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. It indicates whether the reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat) and is a key parameter in designing reactors and in calculating the necessary heat removal or addition to control process conditions.

Sensible Heat

Sensible heat refers to the energy required to change the temperature of a substance without causing a phase transition. In the context of gas streams, it accounts for the energy needed to raise or lower the temperature of the gases, and it must be considered alongside the reaction enthalpy when performing an overall energy balance.

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