The given figure shows the structure of a neuron. Select the...

The given figure shows the structure of a neuron. Select the option that correctly identifies the parts labelled A to $E$. $\begin{array}{cccc}\text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D }\end{array}$ E (a) Nerve Cyton Schwann Node of Synaptic fibre cell Ranvier knob (b) Dendrites Cyton Schwann Node of Synaptic cell Ranvier knob (c) Dendrites Nerve Schwann Synaptic Node of cell cell knob Ranvier (d) Axon Cyton Nerve cell Node of Synaptic

The given figure shows the structure of a neuron. Select the option that correctly identifies the parts labelled A to $E$.
$\begin{array}{cccc}\text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D }\end{array}$ E
(a) Nerve Cyton Schwann Node of Synaptic fibre cell Ranvier knob
(b) Dendrites Cyton Schwann Node of Synaptic cell Ranvier knob
(c) Dendrites Nerve Schwann Synaptic Node of cell cell knob Ranvier
(d) Axon Cyton Nerve cell Node of Synaptic

Key Concepts

Nodes of Ranvier

Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon. These interruptions allow for saltatory conduction, where the action potential jumps from node to node, greatly increasing the speed of neural transmission.

Neuron

A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. It is composed of several distinct regions that work together to carry neural impulses from one area to another.

Cell Body (Soma or Cyton)

The cell body, also known as the soma or cyton, is the central part of the neuron containing the nucleus and organelles. It is critical for maintaining cell health and integrating incoming signals from the dendrites.

Dendrites

Dendrites are tree-like extensions emerging from the cell body. They serve as the primary receptive surfaces for incoming signals from other neurons, making them essential for receiving and processing synaptic inputs.

Axon

The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body. It is responsible for carrying signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands, and is often insulated by a myelin sheath to facilitate rapid signal conduction.

Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells

The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds many axons, providing electrical insulation and increasing the speed of impulse transmission. In the peripheral nervous system, this sheath is produced by Schwann cells.

Axon Terminal (Synaptic Knob)

The axon terminal, or synaptic knob, is the endpoint of the axon. It is where electrical impulses are converted into chemical signals, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to communicate with target cells.

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