The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP...

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the a. oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. b. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. c. $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase. d. transfer of phosphate to ADP.

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
a. oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds.
b. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain.
c. $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
d. transfer of phosphate to ADP.

Key Concepts

Oxidative Phosphorylation

This is the process by which cells generate ATP using the electron transport chain and a proton gradient across a membrane. It involves the transfer of electrons from electron donors to acceptors, which drives the pumping of protons to create an electrochemical gradient that ultimately powers ATP synthase.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (or bacterial plasma membrane) that facilitate the movement of electrons. The energy released from these electron transfers is used to pump protons across the membrane, establishing a concentration gradient essential for ATP production.

Proton Gradient

Also known as the proton motive force, this term refers to the difference in proton concentration across a membrane. This gradient stores potential energy which is immediately used by ATP synthase to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme complex embedded in membranes that synthesizes ATP by harnessing the energy stored in the proton gradient. As protons flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase, the mechanical rotation of its subunits catalyzes the conversion of ADP and phosphate into ATP.

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