- Suppose \( \lambda \) is an eigenvalue of \( A \) with corresponding eigenvector \( v \), such that \( Av = \lambda v \).
- To find the relationship with \( A^{-1} \), multiply both sides of the equation \( Av = \lambda v \) by \( A^{-1} \), yielding \( A^{-1}Av
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