The major role of the Na^+ / K^+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so

The major role of the Na^+ / K^+ pump is to: a. cause a...

The major role of the $\mathrm{Na}^{+} / \mathrm{K}^{+}$ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of the membrane becomes momentarily positive. b. decrease the resting potential to zero. c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value. d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period. e. maintain the resting potential at a constant negative value.

The major role of the $\mathrm{Na}^{+} / \mathrm{K}^{+}$ pump is to:
a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of the membrane becomes momentarily positive.
b. decrease the resting potential to zero.
c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value.
d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period.
e. maintain the resting potential at a constant negative value.

Key Concepts

Ionic Concentration Gradients

Ionic gradients refer to the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane, created and preserved by active transport mechanisms like the sodium-potassium pump. These gradients are essential for processes such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

This enzyme actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell using ATP, thereby maintaining the concentration gradients across the cell membrane. It is crucial for the upkeep of the ionic environment necessary for various cellular functions.

Resting Membrane Potential

The resting membrane potential is the stable, negative voltage inside the cell relative to the outside, primarily established by the distribution of ions such as sodium and potassium. The sodium-potassium pump helps maintain this potential by continuously correcting ion imbalances.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, in order to this question, we have to talk about the action potential.

00:04 Okay, just in general, remember that if this is an excitable cell, it means a cell that has the ability to produce an action potential, inside it is going to be electronegative.

00:17 In comparison with the extracellular, there is going to be electropositive.

00:22 It means the extracellular is going to have high levels of at ions and low levels of anions, while in intracellular, the opposite is going to cure.

00:32 They're going to be low levels of cations and high levels of anions.

00:36 So this is why the intracellular is going to be electronegative and the extracellular is going to be electropositive.

00:47 Normally, all our cells, all our cells, have a resting membrane potential, all our cells.

01:00 And excitable cells, like neurons, for example, also have a guesting membrane potential, a resting membrane potential, but they also have the ability to get, like, out from this questing membrane potential and develop an action potential.

01:21 So, normally, the requesting membrane potential is about minus 75 to minus 90 minibolds.

01:34 Okay? let's say that it is minus, 18 mile volts.

01:40 Okay, so this is going to be the resting membrane potential.

01:44 And this is how the cell is going to be when it is requesting.

01:47 We're talking about an excitable cells right now, okay? so when there is a stimulus, this is a neuron, okay? i suppose it is a neuron.

01:55 When there is stimulus for this neuron, then some sodium ions are going to get inside the cell, okay? and sodium ions are positively charged.

02:08 Okay? remember, that sodium ions are positively charged.

02:12 So the voltage of the cell is going to guys, it's going to guys from here, wait, from here it's going to guys, okay.

02:22 And when it gets to a voltage of minus 70 milibolts, that is about minus 70, 60 milibolds, when the voltage reaches this voltage, minus 60 milibolts, then it is going to open a lot of voltage -gated sodium channels, and a lot of sodium ions are going to get inside of the cell.

02:56 A lot of sodium ions are going to get inside of the cells, and this is going to increase the voltage, like about positive 35 -miboles, about this level.

03:09 Okay? after this, these channels are going to close, and some voltage -gated potassium channels are going to open, and they are going to move potassium ions out of the cells that are also positively charged in order to decrease the voltage and make it back to normal.

03:31 Okay, so the voltage of the cell is going to fall, it is going to continue falling, and it is also even going to fall even like deeper than the wasting memory potential...

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