The mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbonate. This...

The mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbonate. This reacts with hydrochloric acid. $$\begin{aligned}\operatorname{MgCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) & \rightarrow \\& \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\end{aligned}$$ (a) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction and identify the spectator ions. (b) What type of reaction is this?

The mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbonate. This reacts with hydrochloric acid. $$\begin{aligned}\operatorname{MgCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) & \rightarrow \\& \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\end{aligned}$$
(a) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction and identify the spectator ions.
(b) What type of reaction is this?

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Key Concepts

Net Ionic Equation

A net ionic equation shows only those species that are directly involved in a chemical reaction by omitting the spectator ions. It emphasizes the actual chemical change that occurs, such as the reaction between the hydrogen ions and the carbonate ion in an acid-carbonate reaction. By removing ions that remain unchanged, the net ionic equation provides a simplified view of the reaction mechanism.

Spectator Ions

Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the actual chemical transformation during a reaction. They appear in the same form on both sides of the complete ionic equation and do not affect the overall reaction. Their removal in the net ionic equation simplifies the reaction by focusing only on the species that undergo change.

Acid-Carbonate Reaction

An acid-carbonate reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a carbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt. This reaction is often used as an example of gas evolution reactions and is characterized by the production of CO2 from the reaction between protons (H+) and carbonate ions (CO3^2-). It serves as a practical demonstration of acid-base reactivity and decomposition processes.

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