The molar heats of fusion and sublimation of molecular...

The molar heats of fusion and sublimation of molecular iodine are $15.27 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ and $62.30 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ respectively. Estimate the molar heat of vaporization of liquid iodine.

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Key Concepts

Latent Heat

Latent heat is the amount of energy required to induce a phase change in a substance without changing its temperature. This concept is fundamental in understanding processes like fusion (melting), vaporization (boiling), and sublimation (solid to gas transition) where energy is used to overcome intermolecular forces rather than to increase kinetic energy.

Phase Transitions

Phase transitions refer to the change of a substance from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid (fusion or melting), liquid to gas (vaporization), or solid to gas (sublimation). Each of these transitions involves a specific latent heat that quantifies the energy change during the transformation.

Additivity of Latent Heats in Sequential Transitions

In cases where a direct phase transition (like sublimation) can be thought of as occurring through two sequential steps (fusion followed by vaporization), the total energy change involved in the direct transition is equal to the sum of the latent heats of the individual steps. This additive property allows the estimation of an unknown latent heat (for example, vaporization) when the total (sublimation) and one of the steps (fusion) are known.

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