The most prevalent isotope of gold is Au- 197 .(4.5) a. How...

The most prevalent isotope of gold is Au- $197 .(4.5)$
a. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this isotope?
b. What is the atomic symbol of another isotope of gold with 116 neutrons?
c. What is the atomic symbol of an atom with an atomic number of 78 and 116 neutrons?

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Key Concepts

Atomic Structure

Atomic structure refers to the composition of an atom, which includes protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, and electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons defines the element, while the number of neutrons can vary, giving rise to isotopes.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus and uniquely identifies an element. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

Isotopes

Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in their mass numbers. They are often represented with the element’s symbol and a superscript denoting the mass number.

Isotopic Notation

Isotopic notation is a standardized way to represent isotopes, typically written with the mass number as a superscript to the left of the element symbol. This notation clearly communicates the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus.

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