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All right.
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Chapter 1, problem 21, asks us about protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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So let's consider each of these in this carbon molecule.
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The electrons are in blue, the protons are in red, and the neutrons are in white.
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So let's first look at the protons.
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If you count here, we have six protons.
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And if you look at the periodic table, the number you see above carbon is six.
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Atomic number tells us the number of protons, so we can always tell how many protons are in an atom, just by looking at the periodic table.
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Remember that protons are positively charged.
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So this tells us how much positive charge we have in the nucleus of our atom.
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Next, let's consider electrons.
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In this case, we have six electrons.
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Notice their placement.
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We have two in the orbital level closest to the nucleus, and four in the outer level.
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This means that we have four valence electrons, shortened as ve.
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Valence electrons are the electrons that take place in bonding.
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So these give the atom its character...