The oxidation state of boron family shows which of the...

The oxidation state of boron family shows which of the following trend for stable $+1$ oxidation state (a) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$ (+1 O.S. stability increases) (b) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$ (stability of $+3$ oxidation states) (c) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$ (stability $+1$ oxidation state) (d) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$ (+3 O.S. stability increases)

The oxidation state of boron family shows which of the following trend for stable $+1$ oxidation state
(a) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$
(+1 O.S. stability increases)
(b) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$
(stability of $+3$ oxidation states)
(c) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$
(stability $+1$ oxidation state)
(d) $\mathrm{Al}<\mathrm{Ga}<\mathrm{In}<\mathrm{Tl}$
(+3 O.S. stability increases)

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Key Concepts

Oxidation States

Oxidation states refer to the hypothetical charges that atoms would have if all bonds were purely ionic. They are used to understand electron transfer processes in chemical reactions and to predict the chemical behavior of elements in different compounds.

Periodic Trends

Periodic trends describe the systematic change in chemical properties of elements as one moves across a period or down a group in the periodic table. These trends help predict variations in reactivity, bonding, and stability of different oxidation states among elements.

Inert Pair Effect

The inert pair effect is the tendency of the outermost s electrons in heavier p-block elements to remain non-bonding or inert when forming compounds. This effect contributes to the stabilization of lower oxidation states in heavier elements, influencing their chemical behavior and preferred oxidation numbers.

Group 13 Chemistry

Group 13 consists of the elements that typically exhibit variable oxidation states due to their electron configurations. Understanding the chemical properties of these elements, including their common oxidation states and trends influenced by the inert pair effect, is essential in predicting their reactivity, bond formation, and compound stability.

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