The potential difference between the terminals of a battery is 10 V and internal resistance 1 Ω

step 1 In this question we have the potential difference between the two terminals of battery is 10 vol

The potential difference between the terminals of a battery...

The potential difference between the terminals of a battery is $10 \mathrm{~V}$ and internal resistance $1 \Omega$ drops to $8 \mathrm{~V}$ when connected across an external resistor find the resistance of the external resistor. (A) $40 \Omega$ (B) $0.4 \Omega$ (C) $4 \mathrm{M} \Omega$ (D) $4 \Omega$

The potential difference between the terminals of a battery is $10 \mathrm{~V}$ and internal resistance $1 \Omega$ drops to $8 \mathrm{~V}$ when connected across an external resistor find the resistance of the external resistor.
(A) $40 \Omega$
(B) $0.4 \Omega$
(C) $4 \mathrm{M} \Omega$
(D) $4 \Omega$

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Key Concepts

Voltage Divider Principle

The voltage divider principle is used to determine how the total voltage in a series circuit is distributed across various resistors. In the context of batteries with internal resistance, this principle helps in calculating the voltage drop across the external resistor as well as the internal resistor.

Electromotive Force (EMF) and Internal Resistance

EMF represents the ideal voltage a battery would provide with no load attached, while internal resistance is an inherent opposition within the battery that causes a voltage drop when current flows. Understanding both is crucial in real-world applications as they determine the actual voltage available to a load.

Terminal Voltage

Terminal voltage is the measured voltage across the battery's output terminals when a load is connected. It is lower than the EMF due to the voltage drop caused by the internal resistance under load conditions.

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law relates voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. It serves as a fundamental tool in analyzing how current flows through a circuit and how voltage drops occur across each resistor, which is essential for solving problems involving series circuits with internal and external resistances.

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