The reaction between solid sodium and iron(III) oxide is one...

The reaction between solid sodium and iron(III) oxide is one in a series of reactions that inflates an automobile airbag: $6 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s}) .$ If 100.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}$ and 100.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ are used in this reaction, determine the following. a. limiting reactant b. reactant in excess c. mass of solid iron produced d. mass of excess reactant that remains after the reaction is complete

The reaction between solid sodium and iron(III) oxide is one in a series of reactions that inflates an automobile airbag: $6 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s}) .$ If 100.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}$ and 100.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ are used in this reaction, determine the following.
a. limiting reactant
b. reactant in excess
c. mass of solid iron produced
d. mass of excess reactant that remains after the reaction is complete

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Key Concepts

Limiting Reactant

The concept of the limiting reactant refers to the substance in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of products formed. It is determined by comparing the mole ratios of the reactants used to those required by the balanced chemical equation.

Stoichiometric Calculations

Stoichiometry involves using the coefficients from a balanced chemical equation to compute the amounts of reactants and products. It requires converting masses to moles using molar masses, applying mole ratios from the balanced equation, and then converting between moles and grams as needed.

Molar Mass and Mole Concept

The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is used to convert between grams and moles. The mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents a specific number of particles, allowing chemists to relate measurable masses to actual numbers of atoms or molecules in a reaction.

Excess Reactant

An excess reactant is the substance that remains after the limiting reactant is completely consumed in a reaction. Calculating the amount of excess reactant left involves determining how much of it reacts according to the stoichiometric ratios and then subtracting that amount from the initial quantity.

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