The reaction is fastest when X is Reaction can't copy (a) Cl (b) NH2 (c) OC2 H5 (d) OCOR

Name: Problem 193, Chapter 24: A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main 2019
Uploaded: 2021-07-04T10:54:20-08:00
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: Raghvendra Singh
Description: The reaction is fastest when X is Reaction can't copy (a) Cl (b) NH2 (c) OC2 H5 (d) OCOR

step 1 The reaction is fast at when X is. So we have to identify which molecule will be X. In this reac

The reaction is fastest when X is Reaction can't copy (a) Cl...

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Key Concepts

Leaving Group Ability

The rate of nucleophilic acyl substitution largely depends on the ability of the group attached to the carbonyl carbon to leave. A good leaving group can stabilize the negative charge once it departs, making the reaction faster. Typically, groups such as chloride are good leaving groups compared to alkoxides or amides, which makes compounds with chloride more reactive.

Electrophilicity of the Carbonyl Carbon

The electrophilic character of the carbonyl carbon is influenced by the substituent attached to it. Electron-withdrawing groups increase the electrophilicity, facilitating nucleophilic attack, whereas groups that can delocalize or share electrons through resonance reduce electrophilicity, leading to a slower reaction. This concept helps explain why different acyl derivatives react at different rates.

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

This reaction involves a nucleophile attacking a carbonyl carbon, leading to the substitution of the leaving group attached to the carbonyl. Understanding this mechanism is fundamental as it explains how different carbonyl derivatives (like acid chlorides, esters, and amides) react at varying rates based on the nature of their substituents.

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