The sodium azide required for automobile air bags is made by...

The sodium azide required for automobile air bags is made by the reaction of sodium metal with dinitrogen oxide in liquid ammonia: $3 \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\ell) \longrightarrow$ $$ \mathrm{NaN}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+3 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) $$ (a) You have $65.0 \mathrm{g}$ of sodium and a $35.0-\mathrm{L}$. flask containing $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ O gas with a pressure of 2.12 atm at $23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of NaNg? (b) Draw a Lewis structure for the azide ion. Include all possible resonance structures. Which resonance structure is most likely? (c) What is the shape of the azide ion?

The sodium azide required for automobile air bags is made by the reaction of sodium metal with dinitrogen oxide in liquid ammonia:
$3 \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\ell) \longrightarrow$
$$
\mathrm{NaN}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+3 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{g})
$$
(a) You have $65.0 \mathrm{g}$ of sodium and a $35.0-\mathrm{L}$. flask containing $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ O gas with a pressure of 2.12 atm at $23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of NaNg?
(b) Draw a Lewis structure for the azide ion. Include all possible resonance structures. Which resonance structure is most likely?
(c) What is the shape of the azide ion?

Key Concepts

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different possible configurations of electron distribution in a molecule that cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure. The actual structure of the molecule is a hybrid of these forms, and understanding resonance is key to identifying the most stable configuration based on minimized formal charges and complete octet arrangements.

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is used to predict the shape of molecules based on the number of electron pairs surrounding the central atom. By considering both bonding and lone pairs, VSEPR theory explains the three-dimensional geometry that minimizes repulsions, which is pivotal in understanding molecular structure and behavior.

Ideal Gas Law

The ideal gas law, represented as PV = nRT, relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas. It is widely used to convert measurements like pressure and volume of a gaseous reactant into moles, which then can be used in stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.

Limiting Reagent

The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reagent is crucial in determining the theoretical yield of a reaction, especially when reactants are provided in different physical states or measured in different units.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are used to illustrate the arrangement of electrons, which is essential for understanding molecular shapes, bonding patterns, and the distribution of formal charges.

Reaction Stoichiometry

Reaction stoichiometry involves comparing the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. It is essential for determining how much of each substance will react or be produced under given conditions, including calculations for theoretical yield where the limiting reagent is considered.

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