The table shows a speedometer readings at 10-second intervals during a 1-minute period for a car racing at the Daytona International Speedway in Florida.

(a) Estimate the distance the race car traveled during this time period using the velocities at the beginning of the time intervals.

(b) Give another estimate using the velocities at the end of the time periods.

(c) Are your estimates in parts (a) and (b) upper and lower estimates? Explain.

Oil leaked from a tank at a rate of $ r(t) $ liters per hour. The rate decreased as time passed and values of the rate at two-hour time intervals are shown in the table. Find lower and upper estimates for the total amount of oil that leaked out.

When we estimate distances from velocity data, it is sometimes necessary to use times $ t_0, t_1, t_2, t_3, ... $ that are not equally spaced. We can still estimate distances using the time periods
$ \Delta t_i = t_i - t_{i-1} $. For example, on May 7, 1992, the space shuttle $ Endeavour $ was launched on mission STS-49, the purpose of which was to install a new perigee kick motor in an Intelsat communications satellite. The table, provided by NASA, gives the velocity data for the shuttle between liftoff and the jettisoning of the solid rocket boosters. Use these data to estimate the height above the earth's surface of the $ Endeavour $, 62 seconds after liftoff.

The velocity graph of a braking car is shown. Use it to estimate the distance traveled by the car while the brakes are applied.

The velocity graph of a car accelerating from rest to a speed of 120 km/h over a period of 30 seconds is shown. Estimate the distance traveled during this period.