The structure of the disaccharide maltose appears in Figure P 20.61 . Hydrolysis of 1 mole of ma

step 1 In this problem, we're given information about a hydrolysis reaction, or we're asked to find the

The structure of the disaccharide maltose appears in Figure...

The structure of the disaccharide maltose appears in Figure $\mathrm{P} 20.61 .$ Hydrolysis of 1 mole of maltose $\left(\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}=-2246.6 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right)$ produces 2 moles of glucose $\left(\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}=-1274.4 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right)$ $$\text { Maltose }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \text { glucose }$$ If the value of $\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}$ for water is $-285.8 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol},$ what is the change in free energy of the hydrolysis reaction? (FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

The structure of the disaccharide maltose appears in Figure $\mathrm{P} 20.61 .$ Hydrolysis of 1 mole of maltose $\left(\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}=-2246.6 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right)$ produces 2 moles of glucose $\left(\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}=-1274.4 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right)$
$$\text { Maltose }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \text { glucose }$$
If the value of $\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}$ for water is $-285.8 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol},$ what is the change in free energy of the hydrolysis reaction?
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Key Concepts

Hess's Law

Hess's Law states that the total free energy change for a reaction is the sum of the free energy changes for the individual steps leading from reactants to products. This principle underlies the method of calculating reaction free energies using standard free energies of formation, allowing for the determination of a reaction’s spontaneity regardless of the reaction pathway.

Free Energy Change of Reaction

The free energy change of a reaction is computed from the standard free energies of formation of the products and reactants, taking into account their stoichiometric coefficients. This calculation, often summarized as ?G°_reaction = ?(?G°_f of products) – ?(?G°_f of reactants), determines whether the overall reaction is energetically favorable.

Standard Gibbs Free Energy of Formation

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation is defined as the change in free energy when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states. This value provides a reference for calculating the overall free energy change of reactions by allowing the summation of the free energies associated with each reactant and product.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic quantity that indicates the maximum reversible work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure. It is central to determining whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous, as a negative change in Gibbs free energy suggests that a reaction can proceed without external input.

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