Question
The two-carbon alcohol in some antifreeze is toxic if ingested. Reactions within the liver oxidize the diol to oxalic acid, which can form insoluble salts and damage the kidneys. Give the structure of oxalic acid.
Step 1
Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which means it contains two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. Its chemical formula is C2H2O4. Show more…
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The chapter sections to review are shown in parentheses at the end of each question. Ethylene glycol (HO-CH $_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OH}$ ) is a major component of antifreeze. If ingested, it is first converted to HOOC - CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC - COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. (16.5,16.6) (IMAGE CANNOT COPY) Ethylene glycol is added to a radiator to prevent freezing and boiling. a. What class of enzyme catalyzes the reactions described? b. The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
You are asked to identify an unknown colorless, liquid carbonyl compound. Analysis has determined that the formula for this unknown is $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O} .$ Only two compounds match this formula. (a) Draw structures for the two possible compounds. (b) To decide which of the two structures is correct, you react the compound with an oxidizing agent, and isolate from that reaction a compound that is found to give an acidic solution in water. Use this result to identify the structure of the unknown. (c) Name the acid formed by oxidation of the unknown.
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