Step 1:
The dot product of two vectors $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ is defined as $\mathbf{u \cdot v} = ||\mathbf{u}|| \cdot ||\mathbf{v}|| \cdot \cos(\theta)$, where $||\mathbf{u}||$ and $||\mathbf{v}||$ are the magnitudes of $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$
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