The volume of an adult's stomach ranges from about 50 mL when empty to 1 L when full. If the st

step 1 The volume of an adult's stomach ranges from about 50 milliliters when empty to about 1 liter wh

The volume of an adult's stomach ranges from about 50 mL...

The volume of an adult's stomach ranges from about 50 $\mathrm{mL}$ when empty to $1 \mathrm{~L}$ when full. If the stomach volume is $400 \mathrm{~mL}$ and its contents have a pH of 2 , how many moles of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ does the stomach contain? Assuming that all the $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ comes from $\mathrm{HCl}$, how many grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate will totally neutralize the stomach acid?

Key Concepts

Molarity and Volume Calculations

Molarity, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution, is used to relate the concentration of a solute to the volume of the solution. By multiplying the molarity by the volume (converted to liters), one can compute the total number of moles of a given species in a solution, an essential calculation in chemical quantification.

Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction

Acid-base neutralization involves the reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water (and sometimes other products like CO2). Understanding the reaction mechanism and stoichiometry is critical in determining how much of a base is required to neutralize a given amount of acid, as each mole of acid reacts with a specific number of moles of base according to the balanced equation.

pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration

pH is a logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. In problems like this, a given pH allows calculation of the concentration of H? ions, which is the fundamental step for determining the number of moles of acid present in a solution.

Stoichiometry and Mole-to-Mass Conversions

Stoichiometry uses the mole ratios from a balanced chemical equation to relate quantities of reactants and products. It also involves converting between moles and grams using the molar mass of substances. This conversion is essential for determining the mass of a reagent needed to completely neutralize a solution or react with another compound.

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