This section contains multiple choice questions. Each...

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which ONLY ONE is correct. The increasing order of reactivity to undergo substitution by $\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{N}} 2$ mechanism of the following halides is (a) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$ (b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}$ (c) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}$ (d) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}$

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
The increasing order of reactivity to undergo substitution by $\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{N}} 2$ mechanism of the following halides is
(a) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$
(b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}$
(c) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}$
(d) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}$

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Key Concepts

SN2 Reaction Mechanism

The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism where the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon atom from the backside, leading to an inversion of configuration. This reaction occurs in a single concerted step without formation of intermediates, and its rate depends on both the substrate and the nucleophile.

Steric Hindrance

Steric hindrance refers to the crowding around the reactive center by bulky groups, which can slow down or inhibit the SN2 reaction. Compounds with less steric bulk, such as methyl and primary halides, react faster in SN2 reactions compared to secondary or tertiary halides, whose crowded environments hinder the approach of the nucleophile.

Leaving Group Ability

The ability of a leaving group to depart with a pair of electrons significantly affects the rate of the SN2 reaction. A good leaving group stabilizes the negative charge well after leaving and facilitates the reaction, making substrates with better leaving groups, such as bromide over chloride, generally more reactive in SN2 mechanisms.

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