To extract gold from its ore, the ore is treated with sodium...

To extract gold from its ore, the ore is treated with sodium cyanide solution in the presence of oxygen and water. $4 \mathrm{Au}(\mathrm{s})+8 \mathrm{NaCN}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow$ $4 \mathrm{NaAu}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+4 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})$ a. Determine the mass of gold that can be extracted if 25.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of sodium cyanide is used. b. If the mass of the ore from which the gold was extracted is $150.0 \mathrm{g},$ what percentage of the ore is gold?

To extract gold from its ore, the ore is treated with sodium
cyanide solution in the presence of oxygen and water.
$4 \mathrm{Au}(\mathrm{s})+8 \mathrm{NaCN}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightarrow$
$4 \mathrm{NaAu}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+4 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})$

a. Determine the mass of gold that can be extracted if
25.0 $\mathrm{g}$ of sodium cyanide is used.
b. If the mass of the ore from which the gold was
extracted is $150.0 \mathrm{g},$ what percentage of the ore is gold?

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Key Concepts

Percentage Composition

Percentage composition is the calculation that expresses the mass of a component in a mixture as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture. This concept is useful for determining the purity or concentration of a component within a sample, such as calculating the percentage of gold in an ore.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole. It allows for conversion between the mass of a substance in grams and the number of moles, which is essential in stoichiometric calculations.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves using the mole relationships in a balanced chemical equation to calculate the amounts of reactants and products. It allows one to determine how many moles of one substance react or form when given a quantity of another substance, by following the stoichiometric coefficients in the equation.

Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a reaction, thereby limiting the amount of products formed. In stoichiometric calculations, identifying the limiting reactant is crucial because it determines the maximum yield of the product.

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