Toluene, C6 H5 CH3, is a liquid used in the manufacture of...

Toluene, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$, is a liquid used in the manufacture of TNT. Its normal boiling point is $111.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, and its molar heat of vaporization is $35.9 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$. What would be the vapor pressure (torr) of toluene at $85.00^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

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Key Concepts

Normal Boiling Point

The normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure (typically 1 atm). This concept is used as a reference for determining the volatility of substances and is key to understanding phase transitions.

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the vapor pressure of a substance to temperature and heat of vaporization. It provides a mathematical framework to predict how vapor pressure changes with temperature, making it essential for solving thermodynamic equilibrium problems.

Heat of Vaporization

Heat of vaporization, also known as enthalpy of vaporization, is the amount of energy required to convert a mole of a liquid into vapor at constant pressure. This concept is critical in understanding phase changes and how intermolecular forces affect the energy needed for vaporization.

Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature. It indicates the tendency of molecules to escape from the liquid into the gas phase and is an important measure of a liquid's volatility.

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