Two studies are run to compare the experiences of families...

Two studies are run to compare the experiences of families living in high-rise public housing to those of families living in townhouse subsidized rentals. The first study interviews 25 families who have been in each government program for at least 1 year, while the second randomly assigns 25 families to each program and interviews them after 1 year. Which of the following is a true statement? (A) Both studies are observational studies because of the time period involved. (B) Both studies are observational studies because there are no control groups. (C) The first study is an observational study, while the second is an experiment. (D) The first study is an experiment, while the second is an observational study. (E) Both studies are experiments.

Two studies are run to compare the experiences of families living in high-rise public housing to those of families living in townhouse subsidized rentals. The first study interviews 25 families who have been in each government program for
at least 1 year, while the second randomly assigns 25 families to each program and interviews them after 1 year. Which of the following is a true statement?
(A) Both studies are observational studies because of the
time period involved.
(B) Both studies are observational studies because there are
no control groups.
(C) The first study is an observational study, while the second is an experiment.
(D) The first study is an experiment, while the second is an observational study.
(E) Both studies are experiments.

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Key Concepts

Experimental Study

An experimental study, or experiment, is a research design in which the researcher actively intervenes by randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups or conditions. This random assignment helps ensure that the groups are comparable at the start of the experiment, allowing the investigator to isolate the effect of the intervention and make stronger causal conclusions based on the observed outcomes.

Random Assignment

Random assignment is a technique used in experimental studies where participants are allocated to different groups in a random manner. This method reduces the potential for selection bias and helps ensure that any differences observed between groups are a result of the experimental intervention rather than preexisting differences among the participants.

Observational Study

An observational study is a research design where the investigator observes subjects and measures variables without assigning any treatments to the subjects. The researcher collects data on the subjects in their natural settings, which means that any observed differences in outcomes may be associated with factors that are not controlled by the study design, thereby limiting the ability to make strong causal inferences.

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