Un selector de velocidad en un espectrómetro de masas...

Un selector de velocidad en un espectrómetro de masas utiliza un campo magnético de 0,100 T. (a) ¿Qué intensidad de campo eléctrico se necesita para seleccionar una velocidad de $4,0 \times 10^6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ ? b) ¿Cuál es el voltaje entre las placas si están separadas por $1,00 \mathrm{~cm}$ ?

Key Concepts

Magnetic Field Effect on Charged Particles

Magnetic fields exert a force on moving charged particles that is perpendicular to both the magnetic field direction and the particle's velocity. This results in the particle following a curved path, such as a circular or helical trajectory. This effect is exploited in many instruments to manipulate and analyze the motion of charged particles.

Electric Field and Voltage Relationship

The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge, and it is directly related to the voltage (or potential difference) applied across a distance. In a uniform electric field, the relationship is given by E = V/d, where E is the electric field strength, V is the voltage, and d is the separation between the points where the voltage is applied.

Velocity Selector

A velocity selector is a device that uses perpendicular electric and magnetic fields to allow only charged particles with a specific velocity to pass through without deflection. When the electric and magnetic forces balance exactly, only particles moving at the correct speed will experience zero net force, ensuring that their trajectory remains straight.

Lorentz Force

The Lorentz force is the combined force acting on a charged particle when it moves in both electric and magnetic fields. It is the vector sum of the electric force (which acts in the direction of the electric field) and the magnetic force (which acts perpendicular to both the particle's velocity and the magnetic field). This principle is key in controlling the motion of charged particles in many devices.

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