Uranium is found in Earth's crust as UO, and in an...

Uranium is found in Earth's crust as UO, and in an assortment of compounds containing UO $_{2}^{n+}$ cations. How many moles of electrons are transferred in the conversion of one mole of $\mathrm{UO}_{2}$ to each of the following species? In which of the conversions is uranium oxidized? (a) $\mathrm{UO}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{3}^{4-}(a q) ;$ (b) $\mathrm{UO}_{2}\left(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}\right)_{2}^{2-}(a q)$

Uranium is found in Earth's crust as UO, and in an assortment of compounds containing UO $_{2}^{n+}$ cations. How many moles of electrons are transferred in the conversion of one mole of $\mathrm{UO}_{2}$ to each of the following species? In which of the conversions is uranium oxidized?
(a) $\mathrm{UO}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{3}^{4-}(a q) ;$ (b) $\mathrm{UO}_{2}\left(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}\right)_{2}^{2-}(a q)$

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Key Concepts

Oxidation State Determination

This concept involves assigning oxidation numbers to atoms within a molecule or ion to represent their degree of oxidation. It is essential in redox chemistry as it helps identify which species are oxidized or reduced by comparing the oxidation states before and after a reaction.

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are chemical processes involving the transfer of electrons between reactants. In these reactions, one species undergoes oxidation (loss of electrons) while another undergoes reduction (gain of electrons), and understanding this is crucial to balance the overall electron transfer in any redox process.

Electron Stoichiometry

Electron stoichiometry refers to the calculation of the number of electrons transferred in a chemical reaction relative to the moles of reacting species. This concept is vital for quantifying redox processes, as it relates changes in oxidation state to the mole ratio of electrons exchanged.

Change in Oxidation State

Tracking the change in oxidation state of an element between reactants and products helps determine the number of electrons involved in its transformation. This is particularly important for elements that can exist in multiple oxidation states, as it informs their redox behavior and chemical reactivity.

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