Question
Urea is converted into ammonia and carbon dioxide by the enzyme urease. An increase in the concentration of urea increases the rate of reaction. Explain. (Hint: see Chapter 6 Section B.)
Step 1
The reaction we are considering is the conversion of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, which is catalyzed by the enzyme urease. The reaction can be represented as follows: Urea + Urease → Ammonia + Carbon dioxide Show more…
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The enzyme urease catalyzes the reaction of urea, $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{CONH}_{2}\right),$ with water to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia. In water, without the enzyme, the reaction proceeds with a first-order rate constant of $4.15 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. In the presence of the enzyme in water, the reaction proceeds with a rate constant of $3.4 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ at $21{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. (a) Write out the balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed by urease. (b) Assuming the collision factor is the same for both situations, estimate the difference in activation energies for the uncatalyzed versus enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
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