Use an Internet search engine (such as http://www.google...

Name: Problem 127, Chapter 14: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2021-11-19T06:40:41-08:00
Duration: 3 min 38 s
Channel: Ronald Prasad
Description: Use an Internet search engine (such as http://www.google .com) to locate information on fractional distillation of petroleum. List the names and boiling point ranges of six or more distillation fractions usually obtained from most crude petroleum.

Use an Internet search engine (such as http://www.google .com) to locate information on fractional distillation of petroleum. List the names and boiling point ranges of six or more distillation fractions usually obtained from most crude petroleum.

Key Concepts

Atmospheric Distillation

Atmospheric distillation is the initial step in the refining process where crude oil is heated and separated into different fractions under atmospheric pressure. This process primarily relies on the difference in boiling points to segregate the mix into usable components.

Hydrocarbon Fractions

Hydrocarbon fractions are the separate components obtained from crude oil during the fractional distillation process. These fractions are categorized based on their boiling point ranges and typically include lighter products like gasoline and heavier ones like lubricating oils and asphaltic residues.

Refinery Product Specifications

Refinery product specifications refer to the defined boiling point ranges and other quality standards that each distillation fraction must meet for commercial and industrial use. These specifications ensure that products like diesel, kerosene, and gasoline perform optimally in their respective applications.

Crude Petroleum

Crude petroleum is a naturally occurring, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that vary in molecular weight and structure. It serves as the raw feedstock for various products and is processed through fractional distillation to separate and purify the different hydrocarbon fractions.

Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation is a separation technique that involves heating a mixture to boil off its components at different temperatures, collecting them as they condense. It is prominently used in the petroleum industry to separate crude oil into its component fractions based on differences in boiling points.

Boiling Point Range

Boiling point range refers to the span of temperatures over which a particular fraction of a liquid mixture vaporizes. In the context of petroleum refining, each fraction is characterized by its specific boiling point range, which is critical in determining its suitability for various end uses.

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