Question
Use data from Table 7.2 (page 273 ) to calculate the standard enthalpies of combustion of the four alkane hydrocarbons listed there.
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It is the heat evolved when one mole of a substance burns completely in oxygen at standard conditions. In this case, we are looking at alkane hydrocarbons, which are compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Show more…
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Three common hydrocarbons that contain four carbons are listed here, along with their standard enthalpies of formation: $$ \begin{array}{llr} \hline \text { Hydrocarbon } & \text { Formula } & \Delta H_{f}^{\circ}(\mathbf{k J} / \mathbf{m o l}) \\ \hline \text { 1,3-Butadiene } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g) & 111.9 \\ \text { 1-Butene } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}(g) & 1.2 \\ n \text { -Butane } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}(g) & -124.7 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) For each of these substances, calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion to $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$. (b) Calculate the fuel value in $\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{g}$ for each of these compounds. (c) For each hydrocarbon, determine the percentage of hydrogen by mass. (d) By comparing your answers for parts (b) and (c), propose a relationship between hydrogen content and fuel value in hydrocarbons.
Three hydrocarbons that contain four carbons are listed here, along with their standard enthalpies of formation: $$ \begin{array}{llc} \hline \text { Hydrocarbon } & \text { Formula } & \Delta H_{f}^{0}(\mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}) \\ \hline \text { Butane } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}(g) & -125 \\ \text { 1-Butene } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}(g) & -1 \\ \text { 1-Butyne } & \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g) & 165 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) For each of these substances, calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion to $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$ (b) Calculate the fuel value, in $\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{g}$, for each of these compounds. (c) For each hydrocarbon, determine the percentage of hydrogen by mass. (d) By comparing your answers for parts (b) and (c), propose a relationship between hydrogen content and fuel value in hydrocarbons.
Three common hydrocarbons that contain four carbons are listed here, along with their standard enthalpies of formation: (a) For each of these substances, calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion to $\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) .$ (b) Calculate the fuel value, in $\mathrm{k} \mathrm{k} / \mathrm{g},$ for each of these compounds. (\mathbf{c} ) \text { For } each hydrocarbon, determine the percentage of hydrogen by mass.( ( ) By comparing your answers for parts (b) and (c), propose a relationship between hydrogen content and fuel value in hydrocarbons.
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