Use MO theory to predict the number of electrons in each of...

Use MO theory to predict the number of electrons in each of the $2 s$ and $2 p$ molecular orbitals, the number of bonds, and the number of unpaired electrons in:
(a) $\mathrm{CO}$
(b) $\mathrm{F}_{2}^{-}$
(c) $\mathrm{NO}^{-}$

Key Concepts

Molecular Orbital Theory

A theoretical framework that combines atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals, which are spread over the entire molecule. This theory predicts properties such as bond order, magnetism, and electron configuration by considering the constructive and destructive interference of atomic orbitals.

Molecular Orbital Diagram

A graphical representation showing the relative energy levels of molecular orbitals formed from the combination of atomic orbitals (such as 2s and 2p orbitals). The diagram indicates the ordering and occupancy of sigma (?) and pi (?) bonding and antibonding orbitals, which is crucial for analyzing molecular stability.

Electron Configuration and Filling Order

The process of assigning electrons to molecular orbitals based on the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. Understanding this allows for the prediction of the number of electrons in specific orbitals, including the distribution in 2s and 2p derived orbitals.

Bond Order

A quantitative measure of the strength and number of bonds in a molecule, calculated as half the difference between the number of electrons in bonding orbitals and the number in antibonding orbitals. It helps predict molecular stability and bond multiplicity.

Identification of Unpaired Electrons

The evaluation of molecular orbital electron configurations to determine if any electrons remain unpaired. This analysis is essential for predicting the magnetic properties of a molecule, distinguishing between paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior.

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