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Problem 140 Hard Difficulty

Use the concept of intermolecular forces to explain why the far end of a walking cane rises when one raises the handle.

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Chemistry 102
Chemistry

Chapter 11

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

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Liquids

Solids

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04:08
Solids - Intro

In physics, a solid is a state of matter characterized by rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Solid objects have a definite volume, they resist forces (such as pressure, tension and shear) in all directions, and they have a shape that does not change smoothly with time. The branch of physics that studies solids is called solid-state physics. The physical properties of solids are highly related to their chemical composition and structure. For example, the melting point of ice is significantly lowered if its crystal structure is disrupted.
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03:07
Liquids - Intro

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, a liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas and plasma). A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena.
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Video Transcript

Let's think through what happens when you're using a walking cane, not walking cane. We'll say it looks a little something like this. Now if you go ahead and raise the walking came and let's say there were no inter molecular forces whatsoever. Then whatever portion you're holding on to would raise up those couple of molecules and all of the rest of the walking cane would totally detach. And it would probably just crumble entirely and fall back down on its own. So that's no good. Not at all what we see what happened in real life. And the reason for that is because of the inter molecular forces inside of this. So if we take a look down at what's going on on the molecular level, there's molecules that are held together by co Vaillant Bonds. And those molecules are attracted to other molecules by various things like hydrogen bonding and potentially ionic bonding and potentially various dispersion forces and all of that bonding. All those forces, the inter molecular forces are rock hold them together so that when you lift something up, it doesn't just fall to pieces. So that is why when you raise a walking cane. The far end of it also goes up. Not something that you might think about just in your day to day life. But intra molecular forces are basically responsible for the vast majority of the world that we know. Because if we didn't have these forces here, everything would just kind of crumble. So thank you, intra molecular force.

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04:08
Solids - Intro

In physics, a solid is a state of matter characterized by rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Solid objects have a definite volume, they resist forces (such as pressure, tension and shear) in all directions, and they have a shape that does not change smoothly with time. The branch of physics that studies solids is called solid-state physics. The physical properties of solids are highly related to their chemical composition and structure. For example, the melting point of ice is significantly lowered if its crystal structure is disrupted.
Video Thumbnail

03:07
Liquids - Intro

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, a liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas and plasma). A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena.
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