Use the Molecule Shape simulator...

Use the Molecule Shape simulator (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecShape) to explore real molecules. On the Real Molecules tab, select "model" mode and S_0. What is the model bond angle? Explain whether the "real" bond angle should be larger or smaller than the ideal model angle.

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Key Concepts

VSEPR Theory

VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) explains molecular geometry by considering the repulsions between electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom. This theory predicts that electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible, which in turn determines the basic shape and ideal bond angles of a molecule.

Ideal vs. Real Molecular Geometry

Ideal molecular geometry is based on theoretical, symmetrical arrangements of electron pairs that produce specific bond angles. However, in real molecules, the presence of lone pairs or different substituents can alter the electron pair repulsions, leading to deviations from these idealized bond angles.

Bond Angle Deviations

Differences between real and ideal bond angles arise mainly from the unequal repulsion between lone pairs and bonding pairs. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs, which can result in real bond angles that are either smaller or larger than the ideal model predicts, depending on the molecular context.

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