Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. a. the number of 2 s electrons in Li b. the n

step 1 So this video will attempt to answer the questions right here. So let's get into it. So first, i

Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. a. the...

Key Concepts

Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers provide a set of values that describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom. These numbers determine the energy level, shape, and orientation of an electron’s orbital, which are fundamental for understanding how electrons populate the s, p, d, and f subshells within the overall electron configuration.

Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table is organized in a way that reflects the electron configurations of the elements. The table’s structure—through periods and groups—helps predict the arrangement of electrons in an atom, since elements in the same period fill orbitals sequentially and elements in the same group exhibit similar valence electron configurations.

Electron Configurations

This concept involves describing the arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals. Electron configurations are determined by applying principles such as the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which together dictate the order in which electrons populate the available energy levels and subshells.

Atomic Orbitals and Subshells

Atomic orbitals are regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found, and these are organized into subshells labeled as s, p, d, and f. Each subshell has a specific capacity (e.g., s holds 2 electrons, p holds 6 electrons, d holds 10 electrons), an essential idea for interpreting electron configurations and understanding how electrons are distributed in an atom.

Transcript

00:01 So this video will attempt to answer the questions right here.

00:06 So let's get into it.

00:07 So first, it's a go lithium.

00:09 So lithium on the periodic table is right here.

00:12 And we are asked to find how many 2s electrons are in lithium.

00:17 Well, georgianby's location in the periodic table, right? we know the electron configuration of lithium is 1s2, 2s1, because it's the first element in the 2s subshell.

00:28 So therefore, we know that there's exactly one electron.

00:31 In the lithium 2s subshell.

00:35 If we were dealing with beryllium, which is the element right next to it, we would know that there would be two 2s electrons.

00:42 Move on to copper.

00:43 Copper is a very special case, which is why i'm gonna come back to it towards the end of the video.

00:48 Copper and chromium have very unique electron configurations, and so that makes this problem a little bit trickier than what it originally seems like.

00:58 So let's go on to bromine.

00:59 So bromine is located right here, and we are asked to find how many 4p electrons are in bromine.

01:06 Well, we know the p sublevel, in general, are these elements right here.

01:11 So if we were to extrapolate that, all these elements right here are in the p block.

01:21 So to find how many 4p electrons are in bromine, we just count.

01:26 One, two, three, four, five.

01:34 All right, let's go into zirconium.

01:36 Zirconium is located right here, and we are asked to find how many 4d electrons are in zirconium.

01:43 So once again, just remember that the d subshell goes from here to here, and that the dividing line is right here.

01:55 I did not draw that right, but you know what i'm referring to.

02:00 It's this division right here.

02:02 So it's one, two, two electrons in the zirconium 4d subshell...

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