use-the-table-to-answer-the-questions-below-the-brackets-indicate-concentrations-in-the-equilibrium-

Question

Use the table to answer the questions below. The brackets,[], indicate concentrations in the equilibrium mixture.

(table is not available to copy)

a. Describe how the $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ concentration for Solutions $1,2,$ and 3 relates to the solution molarity.
b. Explain how the value of $K$ depends on the specific acid and the solution molarity.
c. Explain why $\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]=\left[\mathrm{A}^{-}\right]$ .
d. For formic acid and acetic acid, describe a particle view of the equilibrium mixture.
e. Determine the pH for all five solutions.
f. If spilled, Solution 3 will cause more harm than Solution $5 .$ Use this information to explain why pH, as opposed to molarity, is important in determining how dangerous an acidic solution is.

Ronald Prasad · Accepted Answer

using the table provided less. Answer the following questions for a describe how the H plus hydrogen ion concentration for solutions +12 and three relate to these solution. Malaria T. So for in acid, you&#x27;ve got a cheek a plus. Siege to a home produces three, all plus and a minus de grader. The H plus concentration, the stronger the acid. Therefore he greater the X Plus concentration creator. The solution morality for be explain how the value of K the equilibrium constant depends on the specific asset and the solution. Molar ity for strong acids, 309 is readily formed and value of the equilibrium constant K is higher for stronger acids, then weak acids. The Librium constant K depends on the concentration of products divided by the concentration of reactant. Since using our equilibrium from part A. This would be a three old plus a minus over the concentration of each. For C, explain why H plus is equal to a minus. So let&#x27;s look at a model product weak acid again, this is going to go back to the equilibrium in part a. So one more of H A associates to form each plus and a minus, therefore concentration of eight plus secrets of the concentration of a minus for the supplies for both strong and weak assets. Still, for a strong acid, Thea acid is equal to the H plus sequel to the A minus. So all three of them are equal for a weak acid. The H A is much greater on the H plus, but the H plus is still equal to the A minus for D, determined for formic acid and acetic acid, A particle view of the equilibrium mixture. So Okay, yes, for formic and acetic acids, the que value it is very small, which indicates that most of the acid exists in and undiscussed C ated form. And very little, uh, H plus and a minus are formed. So this would be so if we had the either formic acid or acetic acid, we&#x27;d have lots of h A because we&#x27;d have the unassociated asset present. Uh huh. And we may have very small amount of who should go. H 30 plus all right. Each plus h plus a minus a minus. So that may be what it looks like for e determine the ph of all five solutions. So we&#x27;re told. That&#x27;s, um we&#x27;re told the H plus in concentrations. We confined the pH full for nitric acid a general three ph seek, with a negative log of the H plus signs at 1.0. So the pH here is equal to zero, and we&#x27;re going to do this to sig figs 0.0 for nitric acid. That solution one So solution. One solution to is also nitric acid. P H is equal to negative log of 0.50 This is equal to 0.30 and for a solution. Three. We also have a Channel three. The pH is equal to negative log 10 This is equal to 1.0 precision four. We have nitrous acid. Each have two in the P H is equal to negative log 0 to 2. This is equal to ph of 1.66 And for the solution five. We&#x27;ve got Bonzo Gas ID, which is C six h five C O. H. Ph sequel. The negative log 0.79 This is equal to 2.10 and lastly for F. If spilled, Solution three will cause more harm than solution. Five. Use this information to explain why pH as to, as opposed to mill Aridjis important determining how dangerous and acidic solution is. So the strength oven acid depends on the equilibrium constant but not on the initial polarity. H and 03 is a strong acid, so it causes more harm even at low concentrations, as it can readily release age plus science. Wow, the Zodiac acid is less harmful than H and 03 Even higher concentrations as it can on Lee partially release age plus science due to the fact that Benzo a kassid, is a weak acid.

Sharfa Farzandh · Answer

in this question. Make sure hello. Because with the Valium off, well, you be off 0.300 liters each. And, um, it has unequal solution off a week as it a try. And the equal solutions are mixture off the V casted, and it&#x27;s congregate bays along with tide owning lions. And we&#x27;re also told that each particle with young when your color here, uh, corresponds stool Ah, quantity off 0.10 Man, what&#x27;s and the solvent molecules are said to be omitted for the sake of clarity. And the door that beaker a in Bika a The Vegas an edge by is iniquity. Agrium. It has to be here, Kapitan. Right? Which is? Oh, it&#x27;s usually so in beaker A. H y is seen a critically and in just Eido battery. And this is the information that we have provided it. And then we are provided images off each of these beakers out of each week and count the number of particles and categorize them as either the d Castaic the congregate based off the because it all hydro Enuma rounds. And we noticed that the number of hydro knee, um ions is always equal to the number off congregate base molecules. So if it was difficult to carry, play it all coming the number off, um, conjugated based molecules, we can just calculate the number off. Hi, Joanie. Um, rounds and are used that number. So in the first part of the question, there are us to calculate the cautioned queue for B, C and D because and then to deter mine if they are also at equilibrium. So if they are equilibrium, they will have the same caution as, uh, the composition in bigger it. So for that reason, we&#x27;ll have to calculate que uh huh are for beakers. So Q is actually equals two. There are high droning mind concentration corn, Djukic, base concentration. It&#x27;s on. In this case, it&#x27;s, um Why nights on, then we have to do I destroy the the kassid concentration. So this is equal to Cuba, and this can be equal toke A. If the system is in equilibrium so far, become a queues equals Okay, uh, if the system is not an equilibrium Ecologist, the caution cube and um, let&#x27;s try to calculate this for the four beakers onder for good, we have Oh, hi, Goni, Um, I on meticulous And, um which means we also have, uh, full Well, I minus I, aunt, and I see that we have eight. It&#x27;s right molecules. Two. Using these numbers, we can calculate job que a value for weaken it. So it has me Angelo. Is he quarto? Uh, by joining were in Concentration Square AJ divided by It&#x27;s right, and we can substitute for these values here. The hydra humor and concentration is because toe full times zero find 01 zero morgues derided by the volume find today 00 liters. So this is on the the If I don t mind concentration so far and then I have just square that And then I have to divide this by the concentration off. It&#x27;s right, which is the core to eight times zeal. Find zero 10 murder divided by find teasing or zero natures. So when I, um, simplify this, I get Hey, easy quartile zero find 066 And then I have to calculate Q values for the rest of the because and compared it with this. And if the numbers are the same, it means that they are also inequitably so it started with that. For the rest of the beakers. Charles, be for the week of B. It has to Kraja kid this ion molecules and to water molecules. And because six, it&#x27;s right molecules on. And yeah, if we use these numbers and calculate the queue for bigger be began two times client zero run CEO squared. You shouldn&#x27;t scratch it just yet. This divided by planned 300 Laters. The record should be around the entire thing. Now only square it, then we have to divide this by, um, six times prosciutto, pliancy, Jewel Bond Cziommer divided by the volume 0.300 Laters. So I hope you realize that we got the stool and six from here. So there&#x27;s stool Heidrun iam ion molecules and in six h five molecules. That&#x27;s how we got that in this substituting for I drawn Yemen Itch by in Q using those numbers. So when we simplify this expressions Aw, they someone got it. You&#x27;re being We get find CEO too. So this is not in equilibrium because it just less than find 066 and now for the next big Oh, because see me here again. We have tools. I join you miles and two by minus. Uh, I aunt a long beat for it&#x27;s right barbecues. Okay, let&#x27;s stop subdued for you. See using those numbers and they have two times senior wines. You bonnanzio, divided by the border 1.300 vetoes. We have to scrap this and dieting and then we divide to spy four times. Zeal finds the usual on a seasonal lows and then divide that by the volume to get a concentration for It&#x27;s right. So when we simplify this, we get your C is equal to trained zero raintree. So this is not in equilibrium either, because it&#x27;s still not equal. Divine Senor 66 And then we can finally calculate your day because there is because there are too Barton or accuse us. We have a through there and then multiplied by 0.0 runs being going close, which is in a murder corresponding to the, uh, quantity off particles present. And then divide this by the volume Toho Conrad. The number of most to a concentration square. This because this is equal to the square it off. Uh, it&#x27;s equal to the square off. I join you in my arms concentration. Well, then we have to divide this by the number off each by molecules, which in this case, is again toe. So I have zero. Weren&#x27;t seen either one of us, you know, despite the valiant fine 300 liters. So when we simplify deliriously actually get planed 06 seven. So in the first case on So if the, um if the simplified this or if we around this helicopter, we are going to check 0.67 So that is the k a value. And that is what he liked here. And for that reason, we can tell that the is in equilibrium, so d he couldn&#x27;t dream because the queue for d using or to k and then they&#x27;re asked, um, for the because that are not in equilibrium. In which direction does the reaction need to proceed for you to reject Philippians? So Marty saw was everything a Cuban who be calculated apart from the was all of its less than, uh the K a value, which means that there&#x27;s less product. So here is a cautions that, um divides the product off the product concentrations by the product off the Jackson concentrations so they have less products is then we have a small a Cuba. For that reason, if we need to reach equilibrium, the reaction needs to proceed in the father direction there are it can increase the amount off broad axe bond and our reach equilibrium. So to reach a kilogram, the reaction needs to proceed in the farmer direction. And then we are finally told that, uh, we need to explain if and why the dilution will affect the extent off the dissociation off a weak acid, so it it will affect the extend of dissociation are phony. Kassid, as I remember it, said, uh, the action off because it is Teoh been too long. We&#x27;ll proceed this way to form the congregate based a marine ISS and hydro in your glands. And when they like the, um, a question, Trey, take the concentration off. The brought down has been divided by the conscience station off the reactors, and we see that water is also one of the reactors. But we don&#x27;t include it in the expression for the sake of simplicity. Um, however, water is a reactant, and if we have very dilute ah, solution. It means that we have a lot of water, right? So if we have more water, the reaction will proceed in the father direction. According to Lech Adalius theory, where I feel if we have more off one component, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to, um in the direction that will reduce the excess off that component. So, yes, if we had more water or, in other words, if we had a dilute solution, uh, the reaction is going to be, um, dissociating. More reaction is going to be going towards more dissociation. Teoh reach equilibrium. So that stones that did that final question.

Shazia Naz · Answer

solution for part e. We have a region is see is three syllable edge. See the below less it positive K is equal to it&#x27;s positive. Concentration into C is tree seed of a low. They get to concentration. Divided by see is three see develop each concentration. It&#x27;s positive concentration as equal to behave See is three. Seed of Alona Get to concentration so get a Is it weird to it&#x27;s positive All square divided by concentration off See history Cedar Village It&#x27;s positive concentration is equal to and different Get a into concentration off c&#x27;est three CDA below it UK is equal to look okay. Yeah, since the judging we&#x27;ll use we get it&#x27;s positive. Concentration is equal to under Route one point 1.7 Multiply 10 raised to the power minus five. I want to play. One is equal to 1.7 magic light In rest of the power minus five be it is equal to minus Look into concentration as positive is it will do 4.76 STP Age is solution for part B in a similar way. It&#x27;s positive concentration is equal to undershoot. Get a multi play concentration. All CS three in its two substituting values we get here is positive. Concentration is equal to 1.9. Multiply can rest easy power minus 11 multiply. 0.1 is equal to 1.9. Multiply 10 Recipe Barber minus 12 and he is is equal to my knees. Log in due expository concentration. Is it well, too? 11.7 Mr P. It&#x27;s me and you in solution for part C Using Henderson history. Bold vision we here get here is equal to pH plus log concentration off pursuit devoted by against additional fees. Be it is equal to beat it, minus log concentration off a suit divided by concentration off base here, a suit concentration is equal to 0.3 and Basic Instinct Crecion is equal to 3.7 seats. Such a shooting will use. We get be. It&#x27;s is equal to P. K. Minus log 0.3 upon 3.7 seats is equal to 3.76 minus log. 0.797 is equal to 3.85 Devalue off. It&#x27;s

Ronald Prasad · Answer

Let&#x27;s calculate the percent association in the following point to Moller assets. For a we have point to Moller nitric acid. Nitric acid is a strong acid, and all ass strong assets undergo 100% dissociation, so there&#x27;s no calculation needed for A for B. We have 0.20 Moeller nitrous acid, and we&#x27;ll have to calculate its percent Association as nitrous acid is a weak acid will regard equilibrium here for nitrous acid. We&#x27;ll fill in our ice table initially 0.20 Moeller Rick Kay expression Looking up the value for K A for nitrous acid, we can find that it&#x27;s equal to 4.0 times 10 to the negative. Four. Substitute our values in here. And since this is a weak acid, we consume that the denominator 0.20 minus X of X is very small. Sequel the 0.20 Therefore, we have 4.0 times 10 of the negative four x squared over 40.20 Solving for X gives us 8.9 times 10 to the negative three, which means that our each 30 plus equals 8.9 times 10 to the negative three Moeller in Open Calculator Percent Association. What should be the polarity of the x 30 plus dissociated? Divided by the initial Milady went to zero Moeller times 100% and this will yield a percent association that&#x27;s equal to you. 4.5% for see were asked to calculate the percent association for vino Uh, 0.20 Moeller h o c. 65 Beano is a weak acid and we will set up in ice table for, you know, starting with the equilibrium Initially 0.20 Moeller que expression. Looking up the K, we find that it is equal to 1.6 times 10 to the minus 10. And once again we&#x27;re going to assume that the denominator I went to ZRA minus X of X is very small. And this will essentially be just went 20 on the denominator and solving for X yields 5.7 times 10 to the negative. Six makes each 30 plus my 0.7 times 10 to the negative six Mohler and our percent association is equal to our 0.7 times omega six, smaller, divided by the initial polarity, put two Moeller times 100% and we get a percent dissociation here, prince, equal to 2.9 times 10 to the negative. 3% for D were asked, How is the percent association of an acid related to the key value assuming the equal in initial concentrations. So, uh, for the same initial concentrations, the percent dissociation increases as the strength of he acid, which is a k a increases.

Kevin Chimex · Answer

So in this question, we&#x27;re told that&#x27;s Ah, a solution. Um, Now we&#x27;re to calculate a pH off, eh? A solution off Joe Quincy roll 60 Moeller rope unique acid production prop units. So K P, I&#x27;ll call it protection proponent KP and, uh, 0.0 hedge by morning rope unique acid, which is, uh, I&#x27;ll call it P K. Okay, so we know ph yourself. Piquet lost. Log off to production prop units. KP concentration divided by the rib Unicosta concentration. Yeah. So the ph is, uh, Piquet Hoff Appropriating kassid is, uh, negative lover dame of 1.35 downstairs. Power minus five. Negative. Buggering off. 4.3 times. Stands by minus five. So that&#x27;s 4.88 lost. Log off was it&#x27;ll 0.60 Invited by 0.0 h body. So the ph will be your question. Fall 0.72 be said the calculator pH off 0.0 75 Moeller try Ayatollah Mean on duh. You know, want 10 Moeller. Um, try. I met you. I&#x27;m gonna help you. All right? Said that he says history three and hcl. Okay, so in this case, the Ph is equals two p k. He loss. Log off. Which one is the passage? And we try this debate. Okay, so in this case, this will be See history. Three hand HCL concentration divided by C is three. Okay, so come doubt. Can be for, um now See it three CNN. He&#x27;s 6.4 times terrorist by minus five. Okay. And, uh, we have to be careful in this. They guessed this. Ah, he&#x27;s a base. And, uh, what is happening is that we have okay. And how this see history three and accuse waas based. Your whole liquid can give us see a three, huh? Hurry. Hand age. Plus, it was a leech minus right. This is us a hockey ist. So the baby will be seeing three, three and paige, plus concentration and haulage minus concentration. You brought it by C is three three hand concentration. Okay. And as the key beat, I would have you to a 6.4 them stairs by minus five. Okay, so we&#x27;re given the, um, concentration off the off days to be 0.1 right here and concentration off those to be They don&#x27;t find zero self. Five right here. Okay, So if we are seemed at, uh, let&#x27;s get back here. If we are seen death, the whole hedge concentration is ex. Okay, so I&#x27;m gonna write out this question again. Right? So we have C is three three hand must haste your home to produce us years three three hand waas h most holy H minus. So if we&#x27;re starting with, uh, we&#x27;re starting with 0.75 more. Holt is this is 0.75 more. Okay, we have zero off these initially. Then the change will be minus. Hex is going to produce waas exam plus hex off this and, ah, at equilibrium. We&#x27;re gonna have their 0.7 by minus eggs, Miss Gun plus eggs was eggs. Therefore, K B, which is well, which is a 6.4 I&#x27;m standards by minus five would be a costume hex. Much blood by eggs. Hold the little 1075 minus x this time, won&#x27;t you already established here these days? Divided by days. Right. Discuss today&#x27;s. That&#x27;s what we have here. So this is going to be, um, ex quay. This quest to 6145 times stands by minus five. Much applied by 0.75 minus X. Okay, so if we solve for X X is going to be on for 1875 time stands far minus five and hexes equivalents to the concentration off. Oh, h minus. Right. Said, l can calculates up your cage, Richard. B. Negative longer. Damn auf Deutsch. Miners concentration. So pure hate down will be close to negative. Log off Full Went hates seven by time standards five minus five. And I&#x27;ll be your clothes too. 4.3. What? So this beauty. So it&#x27;s against ph. We have to subtract this from 14 Genesis. Gonna be 14 minus 4.31 because ph osteo pages across to 40. So to get pH, we have to surprise pure cage. We have to surprise 14. We have to surprise up your age for a 14. So is gonna be 9.69 And as of th I see this about so vision eyes made by mix in future meal 50 mil off 0.15 from a live ascetic acid US history C 00 h and ah, 50 meal is there a point to zero mota. Sodium acid states. Okay, To make life easier on the house, we can just, uh, determined a number off more. That 15 millones there a 150.5. Or was there a 0.15 mother off? Fast. As you can see, the future meal off. Is there a point to Zahra more that sodium acid age will be So anyway, No, no, no. The number off Polisi cost only concentration invited by for you. So in this case, he&#x27;s going to be 50 time sterile points qualify divided by want talking because the 1000 convert his 15 minutes of liters because their 150.15 more mortar is there a 0.15 more you want me to? Okay. And this should be 50 down, 0.20 divided by 1000 so the number of more will be okay. Zero qy 0075 number of more than days would be 0.1 Oh, so if we use their Anderson acid back in question, pH is because the peek a waas log off the congregate acid concentration A number of more shells used to reseal whole hand hair in this case defended by now. Off more off the at nine kassid. Now we can find a peek a hair off, Uh, tonight. Cassidy. A cell phone wanted it so ph with them because to fall 0.8 Well, it&#x27;s long off general 0.1 divided by 0.75 so pH will be across to it appears to be a 4.92

Ronald Prasad · Answer

Let&#x27;s calculate the pH of a point to mullah solution of C A C five 85 in each F, which will associate to see five each, five in each plus and F minus and put to Moller 0.2 Moeller and point to Mullah right across. We will know set up O R. Equilibrium, which were given in the question in this would deal, see five each five n and each f. The initial set up a nice table here point to in 0.200 Why experts x plus X plus tax. This would yield 0.2 minus X 0.2 minus x x and X e equilibrium. Constant here is defined as C five each five and each elf divided by C five, H five and inch plus and F minus. No, we have to solve for the equilibrium constant here. The equilibrium constant will be equal to the equilibrium. K A. For C five each five in each, plus times me. Um, it&#x27;s going to be key. Be so one over the K A for each f. So let&#x27;s put these values in here will get 5.9 times 10 to the negative six times one over 7.2 times 10 to the negative four. And our que ee will work out to, uh, Are you delivered on a K? But our equilibrium pants works at the 8.2 times 10 to the negative three. So let&#x27;s use this in a rice table. Substitute everything in 8.2 times 10 to the negative. Three is equal to x x point to my ex 0.2 minus x. Let&#x27;s rewrite this 8.2 times 10 to the negative three years equal to X squared 0.2 minus x Take the spirit of both sides and we will find that we get 0.91 is equal to X over 0.2 minus X. Solving this for X will yield. Uh X is equal 2.16 and, um, we can now go back to our ice table here. Andi, this is 0.16 0.16 and 0.2 minus x would yield 2024 184 and put 184 Moeller more reunions him more and more. We need to know. Um, let&#x27;s use the C six or C five a drive in. Let&#x27;s soul for each plus, um, we&#x27;ve got these values here. So, uh, C 585 and um, plus plus H +20 in equilibrium with each 30 plus and C five h five. And we found that this was point 184 moller and this is 0.0 16 Mohler. This is a known here. Let&#x27;s use our K each three oo plus C five h five n over C five, age five and plus substitute dollar values in the K a rib used earlier. This is 5.9 times 10 to the negative six equal to teach three plus Windsor 16 24 solving for each 30 plus. Here we find that the H three yl plus similarity work so to 6.8 times 10 to the negative five Moller and our Ph would be with negative log 6.8 tubs, 10 to the negative five, and this works out to a pH. That&#x27;s equal to 4.17

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