Using Figures 9.35 and 9.43 as guides, draw the molecular...

Using Figures 9.35 and 9.43 as guides, draw the molecular orbital electron configuration for (a) $\mathrm{B}_{2}^{+},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Li}_{2}^{+},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{N}_{2}^{+},(\mathbf{d})$ $\mathrm{Ne}_{2}^{2+} .$ In each case indicate whether the addition of an electron to the ion would increase or decrease the bond order of the species.

Key Concepts

Effect of Electron Addition on Bond Order

Adding an electron to a molecular system can increase or decrease the bond order depending on whether the electron enters a bonding or an antibonding orbital. This concept is critical when predicting how changes in electron count, such as in the formation of cations or anions, influence the strength and stability of bonds within the molecule.

Bond Order

Bond order is a measure of the strength and stability of a bond, calculated as one-half the difference between the number of electrons in bonding orbitals and antibonding orbitals. A higher bond order typically indicates a stronger bond, while a lower bond order suggests a weaker bond; changes in electron count directly affect this calculation.

Electron Configuration of Ions

When dealing with ions, the electron configuration is modified by either removing or adding electrons compared to the neutral species. This modification affects which molecular orbitals are occupied, thereby influencing the bond order and overall stability of the molecule or ion.

Molecular Orbital Theory

This theory describes the formation of molecular orbitals from the linear combination of atomic orbitals. It is used to explain the electronic structure of molecules by considering electrons as being delocalized over the entire molecule rather than confined to individual bonds, which helps in predicting magnetic properties and the relative stability of molecules.

Molecular Orbital Diagram

A molecular orbital diagram graphically represents the energy levels of molecular orbitals as a result of the combination of atomic orbitals. It distinguishes between bonding and antibonding orbitals, shows their relative energies, and aids in determining how electrons populate these orbitals in a molecule or ion, including the ordering and degeneracy of these orbitals.

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