Using sketches, describe the bonds and bond angles in ethene, C2 H4

Name: Problem 32, Chapter 9: Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Uploaded: 2021-07-26T15:18:44-08:00
Duration: 2 min 11 s
Channel: David Collins
Description: Using sketches, describe the bonds and bond angles in ethene, C2 H4

step 1 The molecule, Athene, can be described using hybridization and bond overlap in terms of the bond

Using sketches, describe the bonds and bond angles in...

Key Concepts

Hybridization

Hybridization refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are degenerate in energy, which then participate in bonding. In many organic molecules, the type of hybridization (e.g., sp, sp2, sp3) determines the geometry and bonding pattern of the atoms involved. When an atom is sp2 hybridized, it forms three hybrid orbitals arranged in a trigonal planar geometry, leaving one unhybridized p orbital for additional bonding interactions.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, dictated by the electron domains (bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom. The spatial arrangement minimizes repulsions according to VSEPR theory, and the specific geometry, such as trigonal planar, leads to particular bond angles and molecular shapes.

Double Bond (Sigma and Pi Bonds)

A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond. The sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of hybrid orbitals, providing the main structural framework of the bond, while the pi bond arises from the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized p orbitals. The presence of a double bond not only dictates the bonding intensity but also influences the molecular geometry by restricting rotation around the bonded atoms.

Bond Angles

Bond angles are the angles between adjacent bonds in a molecule, which are determined by the repulsions between electron pairs according to the VSEPR theory. In a trigonal planar arrangement, the bond angles are approximately 120 degrees, a direct consequence of the sp2 hybridization that optimally distributes electron density to minimize repulsion.

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